Use of whoever or whomever

                                                          

                                                   

To determine whether to use whoever or whomever, here is the rule:
him + he = whoever

him + him = whomever

whoever or whomever

Examples: Give it to whoever/whomever asks for it first. Give it to him. He asks for it first. Therefore, Give it to whoever asks for it first. We will hire whoever/whomever you recommend. We will hire him. You recommend him. him + him = whomever We will hire whoever/whomever is most qualified. We will hire him. He is most qualified. him + he = whoever

When the entire whoever/whomever clause is the subject of the verb that follows the clause, look inside the clause to determine whether to use whoever or whomever.

whoever or whomever

Examples: Whoever is elected will serve a four-year term. Whoever is elected is the subject of will serve. Whoever is the subject of is. Whomever you elect will serve a four-year term. Whomever you elect is the subject of will serve. Whomever is the object of you elect.

 

Uses of which and that

                                                                    

                                                 

Who refers to people. That and which refer to groups or things

who	Anya is the one who rescued the bird.

That introduces essential clauses while which introduces nonessential clauses

That and which

I do not trust products that claim "all natural ingredients" because this phrase can mean almost anything. We would not know which products were being discussed without the that clause. The product claiming "all natural ingredients," which appeared in the Sunday newspaper, is on sale. The product is already identified. Therefore, which begins a nonessential clause.

If this, that, these, or those has already introduced an essential clause, you may use which to introduce the next clause, whether it is essential or nonessential.

Which and that

That is a decision which you must live with for the rest of your life. Those ideas, which we've discussed thoroughly enough, do not need to be addressed again. NOTE: Often, you can streamline your sentence by leaving out which. Example: That is a decision which you must live with for the rest of your life. Better: That is a decision you must live with for the rest of your life.