INTERNET VOCABULARY IN USE

 

Boolean or Boolean Logic:  A system of math that uses computational operators, such as AND, OR, NOT, and IF ... THEN to sort data. This system is named after George Boole, an English mathematician who introduced the logic in 1847. Online it is primarily used to search and retrieve information. For example, on the Web you will come across the chance to use Boolean logic when using a search engine. These operators, when used in conjunction with keywords, enable the search engine to retrieve highly specific results. For example, a search for "recipe AND chocolate AND chip AND cookies NOT walnuts" will produce recipes for chocolate chip cookies that do not contain walnuts.

Browser:  A software program with a graphical user interface that is used to access the World Wide Web. Browsers include Internet Explorer, Firefox, Netscape, and Opera, to name a few.

Domain:  The part of an internet address naming convention that consists of a sequence of characters separated by dots. The original five domain abbreviations (last three characters in URL or address) are edu (Educational institutions), com (Commercial businesses), gov (U.S. government), mil (The U.S. military), org (Other organizations), and net (Network/Internet Service Providers).

Favorites or bookmarks:  A direct link to an often visited site, saved in your browser for easy access. Bookmarks help you keep track of Web sites you frequently visit. They're considered by many to be the best thing about surfing the Web. By bookmarking a Web site while you visit it, you can easily return to it later with a simple mouse click, rather than having to remember or type a very long or sometimes cryptic URL.

Homepage:  The web page that opens up when you start your Browser, or the “opening” web page of a web site.

Hypertext:  Text on an HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) document that has been organized to provide links between other elements of the same document or other documents on the Web. Selecting a hypertext link (usually by clicking the mouse pointer on the text itself) will display the linked information.

Internet:  The vast collection of inter-connected networks that all use the TCP/IP protocols and that evolved from the ARPANET of the late 60's and early '70s—a worldwide network of computer networks.

Intranet:  A private network, within a company or organization, that serves shared applications intended for internal use only (although some may be found on the public Internet). As the Internet continues to become more popular, many of the tools used on it are also used in private networks. For example, companies now have Web servers that are available only to employees.

IP address:  A computer’s unique Internet address, which usually looks like this: 128.223.142.14. Most computers also have a “domain name” assigned to them, which represents cryptic IP addresses with easier-to-remember words.

Links:  Hypertext which, when clicked, connects you to another web page. The web page can be on the same site or a different site.

PDF (portable document format):  A file type that is readable on multiple-platforms (Windows AND Mac, linux, unix, etc.) with a free downloadable program called Adobe Acrobat Reader.

Portal:  A Web site that serves as a starting point to other destinations or activities on the Web. Initially thought of as a home base with links to other sites in the same subject area, portals now attempt to provide all of a user's Internet needs, in one location.

Protocol:   A precise definition or procedural rule of how computers interact with one another on a network. There are many different information protocols:

HTTP (HyperText Transfer Protocol), for transmitting text files in HTML; E-mail (SMTP), for sending electronic mail messages; Usenet News (NNTP), for having electronic group discussions; File Transfer Protocol (FTP), for transferring files between computers; Telnet, for running  programs on remote computers; WAIS, for searching remote collections of indexed information; Gopher, for browsing remote text information through a menu interface.

Search Directory:  A Web site that provides links to information organized into a categorical, alphabetical hierarchy. Yahoo! is the most popular online search directory.   Unlike a search engine, which uses bots to sort its information and relies solely on Internet technology to operate, a search directory is human-organized, meaning that real people actually edit the links and classify them into the directory. The result of this distinction is easily apparent when doing an online search:  instead of a search engine spit-out of hundreds of thousands of results (many of which are irrelevant), a directory comes back with links that are more accurate and better organized. If you don't know the actual URL of a Web site you want to see, try searching Yahoo! first; if you still can't find any interesting, related information, then go to a search engine (and take time to learn how to use the "advanced search" feature).

Search Engine:  A Web site (actually a program) that acts as a card catalog for the Internet. Search engines attempt to index and locate desired information by searching for the keywords a user specifies. The ability to find information depends on computer indices of Web resources (maintained in a database) that can be queried for keywords.  Results can include pages, documents or images.

TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol):  The two main protocols of the Internet. In order for a computer to connect to the Internet it requires TCP/IP communication software.

URL (Uniform Resource Locator):  The address for a specific file (page or site) on the web.

World Wide Web (WWW, or Web):  The interactive portion of the Internet, an information protocol that is used to send and receive information. Information on the Web includes multimedia (movies, pictures, sounds, etc.), hypertext (links to other internet resources) or text (documents, files, etc.).

vocabulary of emotions and feelings in use

 

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ANGER~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Anger Lite

Annoyed ~ Frustrated ~ Cross ~ Apathetic ~ Peeved ~

Irritated ~ Cranky ~ Crabby ~ Bored ~ Impatient ~ Critical ~ Cold ~ Displeased ~ Rankled

~ Detached ~ Indifferent

Anger in its Mood State

Angry ~ Mad ~ Offended ~ Antagonized ~ Bristling ~ Sarcastic ~ Aggravated ~ Arrogant ~Indignant ~ Inflamed ~ Affronted ~ Resentful ~ Incensed ~ Exasperated ~ Riled up

Intense Anger

Hostile ~ Aggressive ~ Livid ~ Outraged ~ Furious ~Belligerent ~ Disgusted ~ Appalled ~ Bitter ~Ranting ~ Raving ~ Contemptuous ~ Hateful ~ Vengeful ~ Vindictive ~ Violent ~ Irate ~ Menacing ~Seething ~ Vicious ~ Spiteful

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~SADNESS~~~~~~~~~~~~

Sadness Lite

Regretful ~ Disappointed ~ Disconnected ~ Distracted ~ Low ~ Listless ~ Wistful

Sadness in its Mood StateSad

Sad ~ World-weary ~ Down ~ Melancholy ~ Mournful ~

Weepy ~ Grieving ~ Gloomy ~ Dejected ~ Downtrodden ~ Heavy-hearted ~ Forlorn ~ Sorrowful ~Dispirited ~ Discouraged ~ Drained

Intense Sadness

Despairing ~ Bleak ~ Despondent ~ Depressed ~ Angui

shed ~ Inconsolable ~ Grief-stricken ~Hopeless ~ Heartbroken ~ Morose ~ Bereaved

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~HAPPINESS~~~~~~~~~~

Happiness Lite

Smiling ~ Upbeat ~ Peaceful ~ Calm ~ Amused ~ Open~ Friendly ~ Encouraged ~ Hopeful ~Inspired ~ Jovial

Happiness in its Mood State

Happy ~ Glad ~ Content ~ Optimistic ~ Cheerful ~ Joyful ~ Satisfied ~ Lively ~ Delighted ~

Rejuvenated ~ Pleased ~ Gratified ~ Excited ~ Gleeful ~ Merry ~ Playful

Intense Happiness

Elated ~ Exhilarated ~ Manic ~ Giddy ~ Euphoric ~ Awe-filled ~ Blissful ~ Enthralled ~ Rapturous ~Jubilant ~ Ecstatic ~ Overjoyed ~ Radiant

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~FEAR~~~~~~~~~~~~

Fear Lite

Alert ~ Hesitant ~ Pensive ~ Watchful ~ Cautious ~Curious ~ Leery ~ Uneasy ~ Doubtful ~Confused ~ Apprehensive ~ Shy ~ Concerned ~ Disquieted ~ Timid ~ Edgy ~ Fidgety ~Disconcerted ~ Insecure ~ Indecisive ~ Disoriented

Fear in its Mood State

Fearful ~ Afraid ~ Suspicious ~ Startled ~ Unnerved~ Anxious ~ Nervous ~ Worried ~ Alarmed ~Shaky ~ Perturbed ~ Aversive ~ Wary ~Distrustful ~Rattled ~ Unsettled ~ Jumpy

Intense Fear

Terrorized ~ Shocked ~ Panicked ~ Filled with Dread~ Horrified ~ Phobic ~ Petrified ~ Paralyzed

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~JEALOUSY & ENVY~~~~~~~

Lite Jealousy and Envy

Suspicious ~ Insecure ~ Distrustful ~ Protective

Mood-State Jealousy and Envy

Jealous ~ Envious ~ Covetous ~ Threatened ~ Demanding ~ Desirous

Intense Jealousy and Envy

Greedy ~ Grasping ~ Persistently jealous ~ Possessive ~ Resentful ~ Threatened ~ Avaricious ~Gluttonous ~ Green with envy

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~SHAME & GUILT~~~~~~~~~

Lite Shame

Hesitant ~ Flushed ~ Self-conscious ~ Speechless ~Discomfited ~ Awkward ~ Humble ~ Reticent ~Abashed ~ Flustered ~ Withdrawn

Shame in its Mood State

Ashamed ~ Guilty ~ Embarrassed ~ Intimidated ~ Penitent ~ Regretful ~ Remorseful ~ Chagrined ~Culpable ~ Reproachful ~ Sheepish ~ Rueful ~ Contrite ~ Humbled

Intense Shame

Humiliated ~ Guilt-ridden ~ Guilt-stricken ~ Disgraced ~ Stigmatized ~ Mortified ~ Demeaned ~Self-condemning ~ Self-flagellating ~ Degraded ~ Shamefaced ~ Belittled ~

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~SUICIDAL URGES~~~~~~~~

Lite Suicidal Urges

Depressed ~ Dispirited ~ Constantly irritated, angry , or enraged Helpless ~ Impulsive ~ Withdrawn ~ Apathetic ~ Lethargic ~ Disinterested ~ Pessimistic ~Purposeless ~ Discouraged ~ Feeling worthless ~ Isolated ~ World-weary ~ Humorless ~ Listless ~Melancholy ~ Flat ~ Indifferent

Mood-State Suicidal Urges

Desperate ~ Hopeless ~ Despairing ~ Morbid ~ Sullen~ Desolate ~ Miserable ~ Overwhelmed ~Pleasureless ~ Joyless ~ Fatalistic ~ Empty ~ Passionless ~ Bereft ~ Crushed ~ Drained

Intense Suicidal Urges

Agonized ~ Tormented ~ Self-destructive ~ Tortured~ Anguished ~ Bleak ~ Numbed ~ Doomed ~Death-seeking ~ Reckless ~ Devastated ~ Nihilistic

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Listening is The Key To excellent English

 

1. Practice “Narrow Listening”

“Narrow listening” means listening to many things about the same topic. This method is more powerful than trying to listen to many different kinds of things. Students who listen to similar things learn faster and speak better than students who listen to different kinds of things. For example, you can choose one speaker and find many things by him. Listen to all of his podcasts, audio books, and speeches. This is powerful because all speakers have favorite vocabulary and grammar. They naturally repeat these many times. By listening to many things by the same person, you automatically get a lot of vocabulary repetition. You learn faster and deeper! Another example is to choose one topic to focus on. For example, you could read an easy book, listen to the same audio book, listen to a podcast about the book, and watch the movie.

A.J. did this with his class in San Francisco. The class read “Charlie and the Chocolate Factory”.

Then we listened to the audio book. Then we watched (and listened to) the movie. Then we listened to interviews with actors in the movie. His students learned a lot of vocabulary in a short time, and their speaking improved very quickly.

2. Divide Your Listening Time

Which is better: to listen for two hours without a break, or to divide that time during the day? Well, dividing your listening time is best.

By dividing your time throughout the day, you remember more and learn faster. So its much better to listen 30 minutes in the morning, then 30 minutes in the car or train, then 30 minutes coming home from work, then 30 minutes before sleep. In fact, this is the exact schedule we recommend to our students!

3. Use an iPod or MP3 Player

iPods are fantastic. You can put a big listening library on one. Then you can carry your English lessons everywhere. You can learn English while walking, while shopping, in the car, in a train, while cooking,....... With an iPod or MP3 player, you don’t have to worry about CDs. Also, you can find a lot of English listening on the internet. You can find lessons, stories, podcasts, TV shows, interviews, and audio

books. Simply download the audio, put it on your iPod.. and learn English anywhere!

4. Listen To Movies

Movies are great for learning English BUT you must use them correctly. Don’t watch all of an English movie. You will not understand it, and therefore you will not learn anything. Only watch one scene or segment per week (maybe 2-3 minutes). Follow this method:

a) First, watch the scene with subtitles in your language. This will help you understand the general meaning.

b) Second, watch the scene with English subtitles. Pause. Use a dictionary to find new words you don’t understand. Write the new sentences in a notebook.

c) Listen to the scene a few times, with English subtitles. Do not pause.

d) Listen to the scene a few times, without subtitles.

e) Repeat a) - d) everyday for one week.

On the second week, go to the next scene/segment and repeat again. It will take you a long time to finish a movie. That’s OK, because you will improve your listening and speaking VERY FAST. This method is powerful-- use it!

5. Read and Listen at the Same Time

Listening and Reading together are very powerful. While you listen to something, also read it. This will improve your pronunciation.

Reading while listening also helps you understand more difficult material. Read and listen to learn faster. After you do this a few times, put away the text and just listen. You will understand a lot more and you will improve faster.