VOCABULARY: TRAVEL

VOCABULARY: TRAVEL

Word choice: travel, travelling, journey, trip, voyage, crossing, flight

TRAVEL AND TRAVELLING

the general activity of moving from place to place

Air travel is becoming cheaper.

Her work involves a lot of travelling.

form/means/mode of travel (=the type of vehicle you use)

rail/air/space travel

TRAVELS [plural] journeys to places that are far away, usually for pleasure

We met some very interesting people on our travels in Thailand.

JOURNEY

to talk about travelling a long distance or travelling regularly, when the emphasis is on the travelling itself

a long and difficult journey (NOT travel) through the mountains

I read during the train journey to work.

Did you have a good journey? (=Were you comfortable, was the train on time

etc?) make a journey/go on a journey (=make a long journey) break a journey (BrE) (=make a short stop in a journey) return journey (=a journey home from a place)

safe journey (=used especially to wish someone a good journey) wasted journey (=one that did not achieve the result you wanted) leg of a journey (=one part of a journey) car/train/bus journey

CROSSING

a fairly short sea journey

The crossing takes 90 minutes.

a place where you can safely cross a road, railway, river etc:

You must give way to any pedestrians on the crossing.

level crossing (AmE) railroad crossing, pedestrian crossing (AmE crosswalk), pelican crossing, zebra crossing

a place where two lines, roads, tracks etc cross:

Turn left at the first crossing.

VOYAGE

a long sea journey

a voyage across the ocean

the Titanic's maiden voyage (=first journey)

These are the voyages of the starship Enterprise.

TRIP

when you go on a short journey, or a journey you do not usually make, and come back again

Use this when the emphasis is on where you are going or why you are going there : 

my first trip to the States

a business trip

Was it a good trip? (=Did you achieve what you wanted to or have a good time there?)

trip to Did you enjoy your trip to Disneyland? trip from The Palace is only a short trip from here. business/school/shopping etc trip a business trip to Japan Two lucky employees won a round-the-world trip. coach/boat/bus trip a boat trip up the Thames day trip (=a pleasure trip done in one day) It's an 80-mile round trip (=a journey to a place and back again) to Exeter.

return trip (=when you are travelling back to where you started) I'm afraid you've had a wasted trip (=a trip in which you do not achieve your purpose), Mr Burgess has already left. go on/take a trip We're thinking of taking a trip to the mountains

FLIGHT

a journey by air

Have a good flight! book a flight catch a flight (=get on a plane to go somewhere) miss a flight (=arrive too late to get on a plane) cancel a flight a long/short flight	a domestic flight (=to another place in the same country) an international flight (=to another country) a non-stop/direct flight a connecting flight (=a flight to continue a journey, after a previous flight)
BRITISH AND AMERICAN ENGLISH... American English	British English
subway carry-on baggage one way freeway rest room elevator coach class downtown round trip schedule parking lot airplane cab call collect check first floor, second floor gas(oline) intersection mail railroad	underground hand luggage single motorway public toilet lift economy class city center return timetable car park aeroplane taxi reverse the charges bill ground floor, first floor petrol crossroads post railway

learn easily: Human Resources - vocabulary

learn easily: Human Resources - vocabulary: Human Resources - vocabulary           affirmative   Indicating agreement, or a positive approach. ambitious   Having a...

How To Write An Essay

How To Write An Essay

Before gathering information, you need to choose a topic and decide on the focus of your topic. Once you have an idea as to what you want to write about, you will begin your research and try to write a thesis statement.

A)    Write the thesis statement. The main idea of the essay is stated in a single sentence called the thesis statement. You must limit your entire essay to the topic you have introduced in your thesis statement
.

Six Prewriting Steps:
1. Think carefully about what you are going to write. Ask yourself: What question am I going to answer in this paragraph or essay? How can I best answer this question? What is the most important part of my answer? How can I make an introductory sentence (or thesis statement) from the most important part of my answer? What facts or ideas can I use to support my introductory sentence? How can I make this paragraph or essay interesting? Do I need more facts on this topic? Where can I find more facts on this topic?
2. Open your notebook. Write out your answers to the above questions. You do not need to spend a lot of time doing this; just write enough to help you remember why and how you are going to write your paragraph or essay.
3. Collect facts related to your paragraph or essay topic. Look for and write down facts that will help you to answer your question. Timesaving hint: make sure the facts you are writing are related to the exact question you are going to answer in your paragraph or essay. 

4. Write down your own ideas. Ask yourself: What else do I want to say about this topic? Why should people be interested in this topic? Why is this topic important?
5. Find the main idea of your paragraph or essay. Choose the most important point you are going to present. If you cannot decide which point is the most important, just choose one point and stick to it throughout your paragraph or essay.
6. Organize your facts and ideas in a way that develops your main idea. Once you have chosen the most important point of your paragraph or essay, you must find the best way to tell your reader about it. Look at the facts you have written. Look at your own ideas on the topic. Decide which facts and ideas will best support the main idea of your essay. Once you have chosen the facts and ideas you plan to use, ask yourself which order to put them in the essay. Write down your own note set that you can use to guide yourself as you write your essay.

As you begin you research, you will take notes of the topics that pertain to your thesis. Your note taking will include the bibliographic information and the page numbers of your sources.

When you’ve decided that you have enough information, you will begin your rough draft of the essay.

B)     You will begin by writing an introductory paragraph. This is the first paragraph of your essay and will begin with your thesis statement.

The introduction introduces the main idea of your essay. A good opening paragraph captures the interest of your reader and tells why your topic is important.

Provide some background information about your topic. You can use interesting facts, quotations, or definitions of important terms you will use later in the essay.

Ex) Hockey has been a part of life in Canada for over 120 years. It has evolved into an extremely popular sport watched and played by millions of Canadians. The game has gone through several changes since hockey was first played in Canada.

C) What are supporting paragraphs?
Supporting paragraphs make up the main body of your essay.

What do they do?
They develop the main idea of your essay.

How do I write them?

1. List the points that develop the main idea of your essay.
2. Place each supporting point in its own paragraph.
3. Develop each supporting point with facts, details, and examples.

To connect your supporting paragraphs, you should use special transition words. Transition words link your paragraphs together and make your essay easier to read. Use them at the beginning and end of your paragraphs.

Examples of transition words that can help you to link your paragraphs together:

For listing different points First Second Third

For counter examples However Even though On the other hand Nevertheless

For additional ideas Another In addition to Related to Furthermore Also

To show cause and effect Therefore Thus As a result of Consequently

Like all good paragraphs, each supporting paragraph should have a topic sentence, supporting sentences, and a summary sentence.

What is a summary paragraph?
The summary paragraph comes at the end of your essay after you have finished developing your ideas. The summary paragraph is often called a "conclusion."

What does it do?        
It summarizes or restates the main idea of the essay. You want to leave the reader with a sense that your essay is complete.

How do I write one?
1. Restate the strongest points of your essay that support your main idea.
2. Conclude your essay by restating the main idea in different words.
3. Give your personal opinion or suggest a plan for action.

Example:

Overall, the changes that occurred in hockey have helped to improve the game. Hockey is faster and more exciting as a result of changes in the past 120 years. For these reasons, modern hockey is a better game than hockey in the 1890s.

Human Resources - vocabulary

 

 

      affirmative  Indicating agreement, or a positive approach.

ambitious  Having a strong desire for success or achievement.

anti-discrimination legislation  Legal measures taken to protect minority and disadvantaged people against prejudice and discrimination in the workplace.

appraisal  An evaluation or (updated) assessment process offered to employees, often carried out on an annual basis and leading to training opportunities, promotion, etc.

assertive  Having a positive and insistent approach to interpersonal relationships.

assessment  The process of judging the worth or value of something or somebody.

benefits  An allowance (usually financial) to which a person is entitled. These could be sickness or unemployment benefits, or a financial incentive as part of a salary offer.

blue-collar  Relating to manual industrial workers (cf. white-collar).

bonus  Something given or paid above what is expected.

brainstorming  Intensive and spontaneous discussion process to generate ideas.

buzzword  a currently fashionable word, typically used within a particular group, which has popularity for a limited time.

collective bargaining  Negotiation between unions and employers (or employer organisations) on incomes and working conditions of employees.

compensation  Payment made as reparation for loss or injury.

compromise, to  To settle a dispute by making concessions.

compulsory  Obligatory, required by laws, regulations or policies (cf. voluntary).

concede, to  To admit or agree that something is true or correct.

core jobs  The essential tasks that make up the fundamental part of an enterprise.

CV (curriculum vitae)  An outline of a person’s education and professional history, usually prepared for a job application (also resumé).

deadlock  A situation reached (eg. In a negotiation) between two opposing parties where no further action is possible.

delegate, to  To pass on given tasks or duties to someone else.

dispute  An argument or disagreement.

downsizing  Reducing the workforce, usually to cut costs.

expertise  Special skill, knowledge or judgement.

flexitime  A system permitting flexible working hours.

glass ceiling  The subtle and unacknowledged barrier which may be perceived as preventing women from rising to the top in some organisations.

golden handshake  A compensation package for an executive leaving a company.

golden hello  A large sum of money offered to an executive to join a company.

hard-headed  Tough, realistic or shrewd.

harassment  Persistent annoying or insulting behaviour, often inflicted on a less powerful individual or group (eg: sexual harassment, racial harassment, etc.).

headhunter  Specialist recruitment consultants who try to persuade executives to leave their present job to join another company.

Human Resources  (HR)  Preferred alternative term for personnel in a company.

incentive  A payment made to motivate or increase performance.

industrial relations  Relations between management and workers’ representatives.

Knowledge Management (KM)  The management of organisational processes that combines the control and implementation of data, the information processing capacity of IT, and the creative and innovative capacity of human beings.

lean management  Reducing costs within an organisation to the minimum – often used as a euphemism for the process of cutting staff. (lean = slim, with the ‘fat removed’).

loyalty  The state of showing continued faith in, or support for, someone or something.

lump sum  A large payment made in one single instalment.

maternity leave  A period of paid absence from work for women, for an agreed period before and after the birth of a child. (cf. paternity leave).

negotiate, to  To work through a process to find an agreement or common ground.

networking  Forming business contacts through informal, social meetings and events.

outstanding  Superior, excellent or distinguished.

overtime  Work recognised as done in addition to the regular hours of employment.

overlook, to  To fail to notice something; to deliberately disregard something.

oversee, to  To watch over or supervise.

paternity leave  A period of paid absence from work granted to men who choose to look after their children at home in order that their partners can go out to work.

peer group  Those people who are considered to be on the same level (either in age, social or professional status, position in a company, etc.). Also peer pressure, peer recognition.

pension  A regular payment made by an employer to a retired employee, or by the state or other organisations to people after retirement or injury.

performance payment  An incentive bonus, in addition to the basic salary, calculated on the performance of the employee.

perks  A term used to describe non-cash benefits offered to employees.

personal  Relating to the private aspects of a person’s life.

personnel  The people working for an organisation; the human resources.

persuade, to  To successfully influence somebody to do something.

poach, to  To steal, to take something from somebody else by stealth. (cf. headhunters).

positive discrimination  The provision of special opportunities in employment, training, etc. for groups perceived as disadvantaged (women, disabled people, ethnic minorities, etc.).

probationary period  An initial test period when something (or somebody) is introduced.

rate  A price or charge made with reference to a standard or scale. For blue-collar staff, this is often a rate of pay which is an hourly rate.

rationalisation  To reduce unnecessary equipment, personnel or processes.

recruitment  The process of finding new staff and bringing them into an organisation.

re-engineering The re-designing of a product or process to make it more efficient. In HR management this term is often used as a euphemism for reducing staff.

relocate, to  To move to a new place.

reputation  A high opinion held about someone or something.

self-esteem  A favourable opinion of oneself.

shop steward  Someone elected by workers to be their trade union representative.

short-list  A list of suitable applicants for a job, selected for interview.

skills  Special abilities, often acquired by training.

trade union  An organisation that represents workers’ rights.

trustworthy  Honest and reliable, considered someone to be trusted.

undermine, to  To gradually and deliberately weaken someone’s position.

union resistance  Resistance by trade unions to management practices.

vacancy  a job, or employment opportunity, usually offered (internally or externally) in the form of a job advertisement.

versatile  Capable of adapting (or being adapted) for many different uses.

voluntary  Done by free choice, without being obliged or forced (cf. compulsory).

white-collar  Relating to salaried, non-manual workers (cf. blue-collar).

whizz kid  A person who is pushy and energetic and successful for his/her age.

willing  Favourably disposed to do something; compliant and co-operative.

      workforce  The total number of people employed by an organisation.